Syringe



March 9 1937.

M. KLEIN ET AL SYRINGE File d Nov. 14, 1936 INVENTORS MaxKZez'n 6r 6?:0196' Grunbcrg ATTORNEY 15 during or after syringe isprevented. I so A further object of this invention is to provide in a doublyannealed glass syringe an armor.

Patented. Mar. 19, 1937 "PATEN SYBINGE Max and Georgefirunberg, New York, 8.!- -arfiliciuoi rn ve ber 14', 19:6, N 110,840

Y This invention relates to and particularly to the kind known as. hypodermic syringes, and especialiy'to what may betermed armoredf'hypodermic One of the prime objects of this invention is the method wherebya-glass syringeunay be re inforced at its .weakest points of structure, and wherein particularly the'shoulder portion and the tip of the syringe is strengthened by a bi-metallic,

1o electro-deposited, fused-on -and.flrmly secured armor, but wherein the extremejend of the tip presentsa clean; all-glass contacting surface for the needleend of the hub adaptedto be remoyably secured to the syringe tip, and wherein,

e application of the armor, th! -syringe materi is re-annealed.

A further object of-thisinvention is the method whereby the metallic armor, applied to the shoulder and tip of a glass syringe, is immovably 2o anchored onto the glass and -is'trimmed at its edges. by rolling against the glass' so as to assure perfect contact and proper limits for the edges of the armor. A further obl qt of this inventioniis to provide an armored glass syringe wherein the glass of the syringe is'. doubly annealed and -re-giazed at the exposed \glass surfaces, whereby distortion,

strains withintheglass, and warping-of the abdutthe shoulder and the tip thereof, arid wherein the armor is caused to interlcclr'with the glass, so as to prevent possible disengagement therefrom, and wherein the eirtreme edge of the armor surrounding the tip terminates at the glass edge thereof, and wherein the edge of the .a'rmor surrounding the shoulder terminates below. the shoulder portion at the body ofthes'yringe, and

40 wherein the armorconsists of a relatively sea,

primary or underlayer of metal, such as'copper, anda relatively hard top-or upper layer of metal, such asfrhodium, whereby a iii-metallic armor of the desired properties is provided.

Another very important object of this invention is to provide an armdr for a glass syringe, which not only provides tlfe desired protection against undue breakage and positively. interlocks with,

The'foregcingand still other objects and fur-i ther advantages of this invention .will become \isomm (01. 1285415), syringes "in general;

more fully apparent from the ensuing description, inconnection with the pinyin: drawing. which latter form an p v closure, but by no'means are intended to restrict I the same to the actual illustrations, and: in which- Fig. l i'sa side view of an. armored syringe,

partiallyincross-section';

Fig. 2 is an endyiewthereof; t Fig. 3 is an enlargeddetailed view of the armored portion of. the syringe: Fig. 4 is a modified form ofan armored syringe with a threaded end; V v

Fig. 5 is still another modification of an armored syringe with a bayonet lock;

Fig. 6 is a cross-section through a-n'eedle'hub tip" of thedevice shown in terlal between the cylindrical body of the syringe 1 and thetip is considerably reduced-in'thlclrneas.

,as indicatedat It; Thus, the shoulder portion constitutes the weaiest pointof the glass syringe. Inasmuch as the needle hub hasto be frequently attached to and removed from the tip-ofthe syringe,;the shgild'er and the tip are subjected togreat strains,ldue to which these parts usually break. It is this undesirable disadvantage which the present my ntion is intended to overcome; Foraccomplishing this purpose, an armor A is formed directlyupon the glass around theshoulder and the tip; and extends fron'ijthe extreme U per tipj edge, at II, to somewhat below-the shoulder,;.at' l5, and engages a. porticm of the dy ofthe syrin e. Y

After the. product is finished, it is annealed in order to remove strains and'stressee '2,

within the glass. The armor ofthepresent iii-'- vention is applied to the thus annealedstructure-in the following manner:-

The sfii face ofthe 'glass one to whichthe armor isto be applied and w h are normally glazed; are. roughened by grinding, etching or othe'f'wiseso as to preparegit fartherecept'ion of an electrolytic deposit, first, of a soft underlayer,- such as capper; which latter serves as depositing ba'se fora hard upper metal layer, such as rhodium, which is superimposed upon the copper. The hub of a hypodermic needle is usually designed to frictionally engage the tip, and possesses certain dimensions which have to be precisely observed in order to assure a perfect fit. For this purpose, the tip surface is not only roughened, but also ground down to such dimensionsas to provide for the future thickness of the bi-metallic armor in its finished form. In order to assure perfect interconnections between the two metallic layers, the copper deposit is finished off 6r polished down and cleansed before the rhodium layer is applied. Upon the completion of the second metallic layer, the latter is finished to the exact dimension required for providing a press fit between the tip and the needle edge-finish is provided and whereby an intimate contact between glass and metal is established. It is to be noted that upper end iii of the tip is entirely free of metal and presents an all-glass contacting surface for the interior contacting surface of the hub from which issues the hypodermic needle. Thus, any liquid dispensed by the syringe is not allowed to contact with any.

metal except thatof the needle itself. Thiscan be clearly seen from Fig. l. where hub I1 is shown in cross-section, and from which extends hypodermic needle l8. It will be also observed from that figure that the interior surface of the hub snugly fits the armor portion surrounding the tip.

In order to illustrate how exactly the armor deposit is to be worked upon the glass, be it assumed that the ultimate dimensions of the tip are to be .319 of an inch at the base of the tip, and .309 of an inch at the end of .the tip. The tip has to be ground down at its base to .295

of an inch and at its end to .285 of an inch in order to provide for a .005 of an inch armor coating of the combined metals. Such thickness for small syringes seems to be sufficient to so effectively reinforce the shoulder and tip of the syringe as to prevent breakage for an extended length of use. It is preferred that the armored layers of the two metals be about of the same thickness, that means, .0025" each.

In order to obtain proper accuracy and sufficient densityof the relatively soft copper deposit, it is essential that that deposit, particularly at the tip surface, be first made heavier and subsequently worked down to its proper thickness of and re-gla'ze the surface of the glass which was formerly roughened, preparatory to the application of the first metal layer.- For this purpose the syringe is preferably subjected to an annealing treatment either immediately after the copper layer had been prepared for accommodating the rhodium layer, or upon completion of the bimetallic armor and after trimming the edges thereof. This procedure assures the elimination through fusing, between the glass and the armor.

The foregoing process is applicable to any type of syringe and is not restricted to the syringe described above. I

InFig. 4, there is illustrated the tip end of a glass syringe wherein again a syringe body I0 is shown provided with a shoulder formation l I and a threaded tip I9, provided with the usual aperture therethrough. It will be observed that the glass portion between the tip and the cylinder is again considerably reduced as to thickness and constitutes the weakest pointof the syringe. In this modification, armor 20, consisting of a copper underlayer and a rhodium top layer, is applied to the syringe end in the same manner as described above. It is to be noted that the threads provided in the glass are covered by the armor and are refinished upon completion so as to provide a sharp thread structure.

In the modification shown in Fig. 5, the construction of tip 2| is similar to that shown in Fig. 3, with the exception that the upper portion thereof is made conical while the lower portion 22 is cylindrical and is provided with a small extension 23, adapted to form a bayonet lock between thetip and hub 24 (of Fig. 6), which latter is provided with a bayonet groove 25, for accommodating extension 23. This extension is preferably formed by a. drop of glass fused on to the cylindrical portion 22 of the tip, which is subsequently covered by the metallic armor layers.

Referring now to Fig. 7, numeral llfl indicates the cylindrical body of a syringe, which is closed by shoulder formation Ill, and terminates in a glass tip H2. The closing portion H3 of the glass is again seen to be of considerably lesser thickness than that of -the body. Covering the shoulder and tip portions, and extending partially over the shoulder formation along the body, a bi-metallic armor A is applied in the manner explained previously, with the difference, however, that in this construction the armor, in addition to being united with the pre-prepared glass surfaces by successive elect'ro-deposlts and fustypes of depressions are worked into the glass for the reception of relatively heavy metal portions which are caused to fill these depressions and thus veritably anchor the metal in the glass. A similar anchoring effect may be, achieved by providing protruding surface-unevennesses, such as the drop of glass shown at 23 in Fig. 5; how

.ever, it is preferred to provide grooves. pits or other depressions extending below. the glass surfaces to be armored, before or after the same is finished to receive the first metal deposit- In Fig. 7, only a single anchoring groove is illustrated at or near the base of tip. H2. It is obvious, .however, that a similar groove or depression may be provided atthe body surface below the shoulder formation, or that such metal receiving anchoring provision may be located at various other parts of the glass surface to be armored. In this figure, the metal is shown com pletely filling the groove. It is mechanically practical, and under certain conditions preferable, however, to roll or press the metal deposit into this depression. Such arrangement is not illustrated, since it is quite obvious.

mew

manure In each of the above described ngures, a will beobserved that the glass syringe comprises acylindrical body, at one 'endpi which there is a and that "-'these last namerLpor-tions or the sy'r-q inge are continuous and integral parts of the syringe body. It will be also seen thatthe wall" oithe shoulder portion is of considerably lesser" 9 thanthat oi the cylindrical of the sy'ringeL'. The bi-metallic armor "deposited uponthese weakest intact the syringe so intimately united th (the glass thattheyiorm ness of the armor is relatively very thing to this lightness oi the armor structure. the syringe does not become top heavy and unwieldy,=i" as-;is the case with similar devices where'the endsare formed with relatively heavy metal fittings. i

T hn important factor of'this construction lies in the ia'ct-that the contacting surface -at the tip end is free of metal and that an all-glass con tact is provided for'the hub. so that any liquid dispensed by this syringe passes through the passage of the tip directly into the fneedle.

Thefact that the syringe is subjected-to a reannealing treatment is of considerable impor- .tance, not only because the strains and stresses in'the glass are equalized, but also for the reason that due to the high annealing temperature "(oi, about 900 C.) employed, at least the copper under-layer becomes intimately i'used onto the inge "after the [copper is' deposited, it is quite -.satis!actory to subject thfsyringeto this step or the'process' after completion of the double. armor. and before the? armor portion atathetip is worked. down} to theiflnal dimensions.v and 40 beforethe edges of the armor are trimmed.

While the foregoing intention deals with spe-g ciflc iorms'and constmctions ofithe devices ii lustr ated, itJs'quite evident that the samef'prine, -c iple of forming urn armor upon a glass syringe may belembloyed in any analogous structures.

It isjalsoevident. that for various specific ,purposes ,the construction oi" the yarmor may have to be altered, for. which reason we. reserve ior nurselvesltheright to make changes and'improveg 6,0 merits. thereon as may become necessary in produetion, without departing from the broad scope of our invention, as defined in the annexed claims.

. We claim: A I Q 1. 'Ihe method o! armoring the tip andthe shoulder of an annealed glass syringe, which eon- ,sists of reducing the dimensions'oi the tip to the extent/oi'the--proposed"thickness oijthe armor androughening' the normally glazed'suriaces oi the tip and of the shoulder electro-depositinga relatively thickeiayer of copper on"- to the "rough .-ened suria'ce, re-annealing the syringeahd there! by fusing the coppenonto the glass, reducing the dimensions of: the copper layer at the tip to somewhatbelow the proposed thickness of t he armor, smootheningor polishing" and cleansing 'the entire surfaces of the el'tro-deposited copper layer, eiect'ro-depositing upon'the cleansed, polished copper layer a rhodiumiayer, reducing the -arm or to its ultimate thickness, and trimming, by rolling-down, the edges of the combined deposits "at the end of the tip, so as to provide a clean glass-contacting surfacejand at the outer circurr iereneeoi the shoulder, so as to provide 75 a clean formed from thegias s'the shoulder and the tip an eiiective' reinforcement, although the .thickj'eer: of a. doubly; annealed .e '39 2.531s method of armoring ths tip and the shudder-oi a glass syrinsa'aspe'r claim hsm finishing to iit'ting dimensions the rhodium de- P E 3. The method ,oiarinoringthe tipand'the' shoulder 01 'a normally annealed, Class syringe, which consists 'oiroughening the normally glazed glass suriaceby. ding down :the tip for accom'modating the proposed thickness otthe armor and etchingthe surface about theshoulidergelectrdedepositing first. a layer of co p and "then a layer; or rhodium upon the prepared s ur-'- iacsto the proposed thickness 01 the armorf reannealing1 the -glass, and trimming the edges .0! the combined depositsby rolling themagainst'the. gilass, and; iinishing the rhodium layer at the psls. 54.; The oombinationwith the tip and the mauii v A glass syri-nge; or. an'electro-deposited'r-combination armor consisting of an underlayer ofcopper and stop layer 01 dium, said armor ertending to the uppermost edgeoi the-tip. but leavingthe glass at tip end free to provide a: non-metallic contacting 1 v 5. In a glass syringe, an armored shoulder'and tip; the armor extending irdm the uppermost .tip endedge to below the curvature oLthe shoulder,

said armor comprising an electro -deposit 01 a' copper underliyer and a rhodium top layer, the; end of the tip providing an" ail gla s's contacting surface; the ,end edges or the armor being rolled glass; Althou h we prefer. to re-anneal the by?" 1 again the glam-tor the purpose 01mm timate contact with the glass andior giving the edgesapropertrinrl,

6. In a'glais syringe, asper, claim 5;and where! in the top layer. at the"tip .is finished to .as'sure perfect iit with the hub of 'aheedle, I 4 '1. In a glass syringe, a glass shoulder and-glass em-mm; continuous and ntegrai partner-the? syringe body, the glass at s shoulder beiiigof lesser thickness than that of: the body, a bimetallic armor deposited upon and covering said tip and said 'shoulder'andextendinrover a por- .,tion r the-body adjacent to the shoulder rem: tioh; said bi-metallicjarmor consistinsfof a rela-r tively soit metallic/ under-layer" and, a' rem-.

tively hard nietallic upper layerfthe tip end being tree oi. the armor t6 present'aeleamlzl -glass 5o contactingsurfaoethe termini oi a or being rolled against the sla'ss'i'or providing an edge trim, the suriace oi. the armor'atjthe tip being finished to provide perfect lit for a' needle hub. 8. In q as syringeas per claim I, and whereimme glass of the syringe. is doubly s. p I 9. In a"glass syringe, as per claim '!,and herein the glass=oi the isdoublyfannealedand re-glasedT" f"? 103p a glas's syxirigehaving a shoulder and U a tip, the of the shoulder wall being less thanthat oi the syringe body; iii-metallic electro-deposited-armor fused ponthe ,outer' of theshoulder and th tip-and extend-T fingirom the uppermost tiryedgeto somewhat below the shoulder, the terminioi the, armor be; inse #8 9 the 8 h 9 the tip beingbafre o'i metal; v f

llh'l'he pom ination with "the slmulder and tip of a glass nge, or abi-metallic armor fused upon said shoulder and tip and comprisinga rela tively soft metal miderlayer, such as copper, and U a relativelyhard metal top flaye'r, such as rhodium, andv wherein the-armored tip, is constructi partially onto the body of the syringe, means,

provided at the glass surface, to which the armor is applied, for anchoring the armor in the glass.

13. In an armored glass syringe, as in claim 12, and wherein said anchoring means constitute a depression extending beneath the main glass surface covered by the armor.

14. In an armored glass syringe, as in claim 12,

and wherein said anchoring means constitute an annular groove at the base of said tip.

15. The method of reinforcing the shoulder and tip. portions of a glass syringe, which consists of roughening the surface of these portions. providing unevenness at the roughened surface, electrodepositing upon the roughened and uneven surface first a relatively soft metal, then a hard metal so that the metals engage said unevennes and form anchoring points for the metal in the glass, subjecting the glass to an annealing temperature, thereby eliminating stresses in the glass and simultaneously fusing the metal onto the glass.

MAX KLEIN. l GEORGE GRUNBERG. 

